Security
The security provisions are broad. Foreign nationals and permanent residents can be found inadmissible on security grounds for:
(a) engaging in an act of espionage or an act of subversion against a democratic government, institution or process as they are understood in Canada;
(b) engaging in or instigating the subversion by force of any government;
(b.1) engaging in an act of subversion against a democratic government, institution or process as they are understood in Canada;
(c) engaging in terrorism;
(d) being a danger to the security of Canada;
(e) engaging in acts of violence that would or might endanger the lives or safety of persons in Canada; or
(f) being a member of an organization that there are reasonable grounds to believe engages, has engaged or will engage in acts referred to in paragraph (a), (b) or (c).

 

Human or International Rights Violations
These provisions are used to catch people who violate the Crimes Against Humanity Act and War Crimes Act, senior officials of a government involved in genocide, terrorism or other human rights violations. The exception is if the person can prove to the Minister that their presence in Canada is not detrimental to the national interests of Canada pursuant to s. 42.1 IRPA.

You can also be inadmissible to Canada under s.35 if you are a person, other than a permanent resident, whose entry into or stay in Canada is restricted pursuant to a decision, resolution or measure of an international organization of states or association of states, of which Canada is a member, that imposes sanctions on a country against which Canada has imposed or has agreed to impose sanctions in concert with that organization or association.

 

Serious Criminality
A permanent resident or a foreign national is inadmissible on grounds of serious criminality for 

(a) having been convicted in Canada of an offence under an Act of Parliament punishable by a maximum term of imprisonment of at least 10 years, or of an offence under an Act of Parliament for which a term of imprisonment of more than six months has been imposed; 

(b) having been convicted of an offence outside Canada that, if committed in Canada, would constitute an offence under an Act of Parliament punishable by a maximum term of imprisonment of at least 10 years; or 

(c) committing an act outside Canada that is an offence in the place where it was committed and that, if committed in Canada, would constitute an offence under an Act of Parliament punishable by a maximum term of imprisonment of at least 10 years.

 

Criminality
A foreign national (not a permanent resident) is inadmissible on grounds of criminality for (a) having been convicted in Canada of an offence under an Act of Parliament punishable by way of indictment, or of two offences under any Act of Parliament not arising out of a single occurrence; (b) having been convicted outside Canada of an offence that, if committed in Canada, would constitute an indictable offence (meaning a more serious offence) under an Act of Parliament, or of two offences not arising out of a single occurrence that, if committed in Canada, would constitute offences under an Act of Parliament; (c) committing an act outside Canada that is an offence in the place where it was committed and that, if committed in Canada, would constitute an indictable offence under an Act of Parliament; or (d) committing, on entering Canada, an offence under an Act of Parliament prescribed by regulations.

 

Organized Criminality
Foreign nationals, permanent residents can be found inadmissible on grounds of organized criminality for being a member of an organization that is believed on reasonable grounds to be or to have been engaged in activity that is part of a pattern of criminal activity planned and organized by a number of persons acting in concert in furtherance of the commission of an offence punishable under an Act of Parliament by way of indictment, or in furtherance of the commission of an offence outside Canada that, if committed in Canada, would constitute such an offence, or engaging in activity that is part of such a pattern. This section also explicitly includes people smuggling, trafficking in persons or money laundering. There are two exceptions to this ground of inadmissibility. First, if the person was smuggled into Canada (due to the refugee protection laws in Canada). Second, if the person can prove to the Minister that their presence in Canada is not detrimental to the national interests of Canada.

 

Health Grounds
There are three grounds of inadmissibility under these provisions: if a foreign national:

(1) is likely to be a danger to public health; 

(2) is likely to be a danger to public safety; or 

(3) might reasonably be expected to cause excessive demand on health or social services. 

 

There are legislated exceptions to the third ground. If a person might reasonably be expected to cause an excessive demand on health or social services, that person is NOT inadmissible if that person: 

(a) has been determined to be a member of the family class and to be the spouse, common-law partner or child of a sponsor within the meaning of the regulations; 

(b) has applied for a permanent resident visa as a Convention refugee or a person in similar circumstances; 

(c) is a protected person; or 

(d) is, where prescribed by the regulations, the spouse, common-law partner, child or other family member of a foreign national referred to in any of the above three exceptions.